Hauv kev lag luam chem niaj hnub, surfactants, vim yog ib qho tseem ceeb siv tshuaj, ua si ib lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau qhov chaw tsim khoom. Nws cov khoom siv tseem ceeb thiab tshuaj lom neeg txiav txim siab nws cov kev ua tau zoo thiab ua rau hauv cov ntawv thov sib txawv. Hauv - nkag siab txog nws cov khoom tseem ceeb yog lub hauv paus rau kev nkag siab cov khoom no.
Surfactants feem ntau muab faib ua ob pawg: ionic thiab tsis - ionic. Ionic surfactants muaj ib lossis ntau pab pawg iamable, xws li sulfonic acid, sulfate thiab carboxylic acid. Cov pab pawg no tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj ions nyob rau cov kua aqueous, yog li muab cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Tej yam anionic surfactants xws li sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate tau siv dav hauv xab npum. Vim tias lawv cov tshuaj ntsuam uas muaj zog thiab cov dej ua kom zoo solubility, lawv yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau tsev neeg thiab kev tsim cov tshuaj. Cationic Surfactants xws li Hexadecyltrimammonium bromide muaj cov khoom siv bactericidal thiab muag muag zoo thiab feem ntau siv hauv textile, papermaking thiab lwm yam kev lag luam.
Tsis - ionic surfactants tsis cuam tshuam txog cov kev daws aqueous, thiab lawv cov pab pawg hydrophilic feem ntau yog suav nrog polyoxyethylene kev ua. Hom surfactant muaj zoo emulsification, dispersing thiab solubilizing lub peev xwm, thiab tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm dej hardness. Nws muaj qhov tshwj xeeb zoo nyob hauv ntau cov ntawv thov uas yuav tsum muaj cov chaw lossis ib puag ncig tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, kev haus dej haus cawv polyoxythylene ether tuaj yeem siv ua ob qho emulsifier thiab ib tug dispersant, uas tau daws nws daim ntawv thov ntau.
Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm ntawm cov surfactants tseem txhim kho, thiab lub synergy nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom siv txuas ntxiv los ntawm kev tsim txuj ci. Los ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho cov phooj ywg ib puag ncig rau kev tsim cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb, tab sis kuj tseem ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam tshwj xeeb, muab cov kev lag luam tawm txawv teb chaws nrog cov chaw tsim khoom txawv teb chaws thiab kev ua lag luam.
